{"id":4042,"date":"2021-12-21T08:51:54","date_gmt":"2021-12-21T08:51:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/?p=4042"},"modified":"2021-12-21T09:31:32","modified_gmt":"2021-12-21T09:31:32","slug":"lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/","title":{"rendered":"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4042\" class=\"elementor elementor-4042\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3505d12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3505d12\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92792c1\" data-id=\"92792c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235856e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"235856e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 11-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aad5b23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aad5b23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 11-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>The dairy market is one of the most important sectors worldwide, and milk packaging contributes to over one-third of the global dairy packaging demand. The end of life of the PLA bottles is a critical stage of their life cycle, as demonstrated by the fact that disposable bottles are one of the litter items that are most found on beach shores. The aim of this paper is to analyse the performance of PLA bottles compared to other alternatives currently in use in the milk packaging sector, using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. PLA bottles can be a powerful means to create a circular\u00a0economy for disposable items. A PLA-based bottle is compared to a PET bottle, a HDPE bottle, a multilayer carton, and a glass bottle. In the analysis, also secondary and tertiary packaging is included. The functional unit chosen is \u201cthe packaging\u00a0needed to contain 1 L of ESL milk and to guarantee a shelf life of 30 days\u201d. Two sensitivity analyses are also performed\u00a0in order to assess the infuence of the end-of-life stage on the total impact. The results show that, in accordance with the assumptions of an ideal scenario, bioplastic system has a better performance than fossil-based systems and multilayer carton in the categories of climate change, ozone depletion, human toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, particular matter, and land use. The recycling scenario strongly changes the impact of the glass packaging system in the considered categories.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42783df\" data-id=\"42783df\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd218ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cd218ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 11-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18ecc5cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"18ecc5cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 11-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"494\" src=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-238\" alt=\"PLA compostable milk bottle\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg 763w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla-300x232.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-63edc29 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"63edc29\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6d95cb\" data-id=\"b6d95cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30df9ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"30df9ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"415\" height=\"246\" src=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/breaking-the-plastic-waste.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-585\" alt=\"breaking free from plastic (compostable bottles)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/breaking-the-plastic-waste.jpg 415w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/breaking-the-plastic-waste-300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1137d7c\" data-id=\"1137d7c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1b68f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1b68f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Methodology and data<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f5869f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f5869f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The present analysis of LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk is made following the life cycle assessment methodology. The software SimaPro 9 (PR\u00e9 Consultants 2019) was used to perform the calculation. As prescribed by the ISO 14040 series (International Organization for Standardization 2006a; 2006b), the following phases are presented:<br \/>\u2022 Goal and scope defnition<br \/>\u2022 Life cycle inventory<br \/>\u2022 Life cycle assessment<br \/>\u2022 Life cycle interpretation<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30a3a82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"30a3a82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4565c13 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4565c13\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f877f6\" data-id=\"6f877f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5776e29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5776e29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-7-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2019-rates-of-recycling.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Table 7 Environmental impact according to the ILCD method based on the 2019 rates of recycling\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDA1MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3BsYWJvdHRsZXMuZXVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzEyXC9UYWJsZS03LUVudmlyb25tZW50YWwtaW1wYWN0LWFjY29yZGluZy10by10aGUtSUxDRC1tZXRob2QtYmFzZWQtb24tdGhlLTIwMTktcmF0ZXMtb2YtcmVjeWNsaW5nLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-7-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2019-rates-of-recycling.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4052\" alt=\"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-7-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2019-rates-of-recycling.jpg 837w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-7-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2019-rates-of-recycling-300x108.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-7-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2019-rates-of-recycling-768x276.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb39cf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fb39cf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c05cc2e\" data-id=\"c05cc2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a50f53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9a50f53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-8-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2030-rates-of-recycling.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Table 8 Environmental impact according to the ILCD method based on the 2030 rates of recycling\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDA1MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3BsYWJvdHRsZXMuZXVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzEyXC9UYWJsZS04LUVudmlyb25tZW50YWwtaW1wYWN0LWFjY29yZGluZy10by10aGUtSUxDRC1tZXRob2QtYmFzZWQtb24tdGhlLTIwMzAtcmF0ZXMtb2YtcmVjeWNsaW5nLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-8-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2030-rates-of-recycling.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4051\" alt=\"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-8-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2030-rates-of-recycling.jpg 837w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-8-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2030-rates-of-recycling-300x110.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Table-8-Environmental-impact-according-to-the-ILCD-method-based-on-the-2030-rates-of-recycling-768x282.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd15a5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fd15a5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cc2f72a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cc2f72a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57a40ce\" data-id=\"57a40ce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8f700a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8f700a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LCA of PLA bottle - Goal and scope definition<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adb8126 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adb8126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The aim of this analysis is to perform a life cycle assessment of diferent packaging systems used for extended shelf-life (ESL) milk. All the items are modelled through the main materials they are made of. In detail, the following packaging systems are considered.<\/p><p>The PET bottle system. The bottle is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the cap is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and the label is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).<br \/>\u2022 The HDPE bottle system. The bottle is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), the cap is made of polypropylene (PP), and the label is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).<br \/>\u2022 The multilayer carton system. Beyond the multilayer aseptic carton, a cap made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is included in this system. No label is included.<br \/>\u2022 The glass bottle system. The bottle is made of glass, the cap is made of steel, and the label is made of Low-density polyethylene (LDPE).<br \/>\u2022 The bio-plastic bottle system. The bottle is made of PLA, and the label and the cap are mainly made of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly butylene succinate (PBS). The items made of PLA and PBS are compostable. Biodegradability under composting conditions is determined by applying the standard EN 13,432 (CEN 2000). In all the systems, secondary and tertiary packaging is also included.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc9a937\" data-id=\"dc9a937\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d67d11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d67d11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/milk-small-2-rotated.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1721\" alt=\"compostable milk bottles - preform\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/milk-small-2-rotated.jpg 480w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/milk-small-2-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-11e876fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"11e876fc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4978e4\" data-id=\"4978e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7cbebd elementor-button-warning elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5e7cbebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-17094-1.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Go to full rapport<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d8c9add\" data-id=\"7d8c9add\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13e667e8 elementor-button-warning elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"13e667e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"http:\/\/www.plabottles.eu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Go to the website<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e5d0120 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e5d0120\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79910b85\" data-id=\"79910b85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-476ac812 elementor-headline--style-highlight elementor-widget elementor-widget-animated-headline\" data-id=\"476ac812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;highlighted_text&quot;:&quot;plant-based &quot;,&quot;headline_style&quot;:&quot;highlight&quot;,&quot;marker&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;highlight_animation_duration&quot;:1200,&quot;highlight_iteration_delay&quot;:8000}\" data-widget_type=\"animated-headline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-animated-headline.min.css\">\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-headline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-plain-text elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">Let's change the world.Use<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-wrapper elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-text elementor-headline-text-active\">plant-based <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-plain-text elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">plastic<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk The dairy market is one of the most important sectors worldwide, and milk packaging contributes to over one-third of the global dairy packaging demand. The end of life of the PLA bottles is a critical stage of their life cycle, as demonstrated by the fact [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":238,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk - full rapport<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk. PLA bottles are ideal for the packaging of milk. lower CO2 - energy use.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk - full rapport\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk. PLA bottles are ideal for the packaging of milk. lower CO2 - energy use.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PLAbottles.eu - biodegradable bottle manufacturer - Compostable bottles - plant-based bottles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-21T08:51:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-21T09:31:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"763\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"589\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Gerco\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Gerco\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Gerco\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/fa96bf85a2bf9f7c456ce12a1896305f\"},\"headline\":\"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-21T08:51:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-21T09:31:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/\"},\"wordCount\":561,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Biodegradable Plastics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/\",\"name\":\"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk - full rapport\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-21T08:51:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-21T09:31:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk. PLA bottles are ideal for the packaging of milk. lower CO2 - energy use.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg\",\"width\":763,\"height\":589,\"caption\":\"PLA compostable milk bottle\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/\",\"name\":\"PLAbottles.eu - Manufacturer biodegradable bottles - Compostable bottles - preforms - plant-based bottles\",\"description\":\"Manufacturer of compostable bottles - Plant-based bottle - PLA bottle - biodegradable bottles\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#organization\",\"name\":\"PLA Bottles.eu\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/cropped-Sustain-bottle.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/cropped-Sustain-bottle.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"PLA Bottles.eu\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gercoleeflang0031624845535\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCU4PUt3hEsh2dggl66IiGDw\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/fa96bf85a2bf9f7c456ce12a1896305f\",\"name\":\"Gerco\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e7084a15f9ce6441db6e1dcc56baffbf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e7084a15f9ce6441db6e1dcc56baffbf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Gerco\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk - full rapport","description":"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk. PLA bottles are ideal for the packaging of milk. lower CO2 - energy use.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk - full rapport","og_description":"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk. PLA bottles are ideal for the packaging of milk. lower CO2 - energy use.","og_url":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/","og_site_name":"PLAbottles.eu - biodegradable bottle manufacturer - Compostable bottles - plant-based bottles","article_published_time":"2021-12-21T08:51:54+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-12-21T09:31:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":763,"height":589,"url":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Gerco","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Gerco","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/"},"author":{"name":"Gerco","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/fa96bf85a2bf9f7c456ce12a1896305f"},"headline":"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk","datePublished":"2021-12-21T08:51:54+00:00","dateModified":"2021-12-21T09:31:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/"},"wordCount":561,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg","articleSection":["Biodegradable Plastics"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/","url":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/","name":"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk - full rapport","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg","datePublished":"2021-12-21T08:51:54+00:00","dateModified":"2021-12-21T09:31:32+00:00","description":"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk. PLA bottles are ideal for the packaging of milk. lower CO2 - energy use.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/organic-milk-bottle-pla.jpg","width":763,"height":589,"caption":"PLA compostable milk bottle"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/lca-of-pla-bottle-for-milk\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"LCA of PLA bottle solutions for extended shelf\u2011life (ESL) milk"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/","name":"PLAbottles.eu - Manufacturer biodegradable bottles - Compostable bottles - preforms - plant-based bottles","description":"Manufacturer of compostable bottles - Plant-based bottle - PLA bottle - biodegradable bottles","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#organization","name":"PLA Bottles.eu","url":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/cropped-Sustain-bottle.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/cropped-Sustain-bottle.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"PLA Bottles.eu"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gercoleeflang0031624845535\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCU4PUt3hEsh2dggl66IiGDw"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/fa96bf85a2bf9f7c456ce12a1896305f","name":"Gerco","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e7084a15f9ce6441db6e1dcc56baffbf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e7084a15f9ce6441db6e1dcc56baffbf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Gerco"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/plabottles.eu"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4042"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4042"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4079,"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4042\/revisions\/4079"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}