{"id":3687,"date":"2021-05-20T19:18:42","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T19:18:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/?p=3687"},"modified":"2021-12-21T08:48:46","modified_gmt":"2021-12-21T08:48:46","slug":"water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics\/","title":{"rendered":"Water and land footprint of bioplastics"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3687\" class=\"elementor elementor-3687\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-336681c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"336681c7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-465f45d5\" data-id=\"465f45d5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e10a7ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e10a7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 11-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/yield-of-crop.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"yield of crop PLA production\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Carbohydrate yield per hectare PLA feedstock\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTU2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcGxhYm90dGxlcy5ldVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMVwvMDJcL3lpZWxkLW9mLWNyb3AuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/yield-of-crop-1024x676.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-556\" alt=\"PLA bottles: Carbohydrate yield per hectare PLA feedstock\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/yield-of-crop-1024x676.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/yield-of-crop-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/yield-of-crop-768x507.jpg 768w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/yield-of-crop.jpg 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eefbf39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eefbf39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/new-land-use.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"new land use PLA\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzY5MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3BsYWJvdHRsZXMuZXVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzA1XC9uZXctbGFuZC11c2UuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"377\" src=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/new-land-use.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3690\" alt=\"new land use PLA\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/new-land-use.jpg 927w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/new-land-use-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/new-land-use-768x452.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1461321\" data-id=\"1461321\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-406c553a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"406c553a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 11-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p><p>Petroleum-based plastics production has increased from 15 million tonnes in 1964 to 311 million tonnes in 2014 and it is estimated double in the next 20 years. Plastics derived from fossil resources are causing different concerns, such as the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), resource depletion, and rise of oil prices. These concerns with petroleum-based plastics are generating interest in bioplastics. Many studies have focused on GHGs of bioplastics but studies focusing on water and land footprints of bioplastics are rare.<br \/>This study aims to calculate the water and land footprint of bioplastics in several scenarios where all plastics are bio-based and assume different types of biomaterials and recycling rates. Calculation of such scenarios are carried out through a number of steps. The step to calculate the water and land footprint are: (i) listing the inventory of different biomaterial, (ii) estimating the efficiency of biomaterials, (iii) estimating the water and land footprint of sources materials, (iv) calculating the water and land footprint of final products, and (v) calculating the total water and land footprint if all fossil feedstock plastics were replaced by bioplastics. The types of bioplastics studied in this research are polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactic acid (PLA), polyurethane (PUR), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These plastics are selected because they are the main types of plastic materials used globally. Over 70% of the total demand of plastics is satisfied through these five types of plastics. Moreover, polylactic acid (PLA) is also studied because it is the most promising bioplastic and it can replace many functionalities of fossil-based plastics.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1aabfc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1aabfc2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d5f92f\" data-id=\"9d5f92f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9bd04f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9bd04f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p><p>In this study, nine sets of assumptions are used. Three sets of assumption relate to the types of<br \/>biomaterials used and three sets of assumption relate to different recycling rate. The types of<br \/>biomaterials used is selected based on the result of water and land footprint calculation. Biomaterial with the highest water and land footprint value represents the \u2018high\u2019 value assumption, the lowest value represents the \u2018low\u2019 value assumption, and an average value represents \u2018average\u2019 value assumption. However, only PE, PET, and PLA have more than one type of biomaterial. For the recycling rate, there are three scenarios as well which are 10%, 36%, and 62%. The selected rates correspond to the recycling rates for today, the target recycling rate of EU in 2020, and a rate of all plastics that are possible to recycle.<\/p><p>This study shows that the water footprint of bioplastics vary between 1.4 m 3 \/kg to 9.5 m 3 \/kg. The land footprint of bioplastics vary between 0.7 m 2 \/kg to 13.75 m 2 \/kg. The water footprint if all the fossilbased plastics replace with bio-based plastics varies from 307 billion to 1,652 billion m 3 per year. If this number compare to global annual average water footprint (9,087 billion m 3 \/year), it accounted about 3% to 18% of the global annual average water footprint. The land footprint of a complete shift varies from 30 million to 219 million hectares per year. If it compares to free arable land in 2020 which account about 360 million hectares, the land footprint of this replacement will take about 8% to 61%.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2decf43\" data-id=\"2decf43\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef894bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ef894bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-compare-to-other-plastics.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"PLA compare to other plastics\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"CO2 output PLA compared to other plastics\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjAyLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcGxhYm90dGxlcy5ldVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMVwvMDJcL1BMQS1jb21wYXJlLXRvLW90aGVyLXBsYXN0aWNzLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-compare-to-other-plastics.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-602\" alt=\"PLA bottles: CO2 output PLA compared to other plastics\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-compare-to-other-plastics.jpg 854w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-compare-to-other-plastics-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-compare-to-other-plastics-768x401.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f69cd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f69cd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-CO2-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"PLA CO2-1\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"PLA production process. CO2 outcome\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjA0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvcGxhYm90dGxlcy5ldVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMVwvMDJcL1BMQS1DTzItMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"343\" src=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-CO2-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-604\" alt=\"CO2 reduction PLA bottles\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-CO2-1.jpg 902w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-CO2-1-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PLA-CO2-1-768x411.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1aeb9700 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1aeb9700\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70d90878\" data-id=\"70d90878\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c03ef4e elementor-button-warning elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2c03ef4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.utwente.nl\/en\/et\/wem\/education\/msc-thesis\/2018\/putri.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Go to the full rapport<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ae0e0de\" data-id=\"2ae0e0de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f12ccd2 elementor-button-warning elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f12ccd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"http:\/\/www.plabottles.eu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn more on bio-plastics<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-188197f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"188197f4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60ff3fe5\" data-id=\"60ff3fe5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71239ca1 elementor-headline--style-highlight elementor-widget elementor-widget-animated-headline\" data-id=\"71239ca1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;highlighted_text&quot;:&quot;plant-based &quot;,&quot;headline_style&quot;:&quot;highlight&quot;,&quot;marker&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;highlight_animation_duration&quot;:1200,&quot;highlight_iteration_delay&quot;:8000}\" data-widget_type=\"animated-headline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-animated-headline.min.css\">\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-headline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-plain-text elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">Let's change the world.Use<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-wrapper elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-dynamic-text elementor-headline-text-active\">plant-based <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-headline-plain-text elementor-headline-text-wrapper\">plastic<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Petroleum-based plastics production has increased from 15 million tonnes in 1964 to 311 million tonnes in 2014 and it is estimated double in the next 20 years. Plastics derived from fossil resources are causing different concerns, such as the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), resource depletion, and rise of oil prices. These concerns with petroleum-based plastics [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":608,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Water and land footprint of bioplastics. PLA bottles are made from bioplastic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This study aims to calculate the water and land footprint of bioplastics in several scenarios where all plastics are bio-based.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Water and land footprint of bioplastics. PLA bottles are made from bioplastic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This study aims to calculate the water and land footprint of bioplastics in several scenarios where all plastics are bio-based.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PLAbottles.eu - biodegradable bottle manufacturer - Compostable bottles - plant-based bottles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-05-20T19:18:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-21T08:48:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/suikerriet.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Gerco\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Gerco\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Gerco\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/fa96bf85a2bf9f7c456ce12a1896305f\"},\"headline\":\"Water and land footprint of bioplastics\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-20T19:18:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-21T08:48:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics\/\"},\"wordCount\":517,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/suikerriet.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Biodegradable Plastics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plabottles.eu\/water-and-land-footprint-of-bioplastics\/\",\"name\":\"Water and land footprint of bioplastics. 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